Method, formulas & sources
Transparent arithmetic, not a printer profile.
A measured workflow
Start with stable mechanics and a repeatable test. Change one setting at a time, keep the original value, reprint and measure. These worksheets do not certify prints or operate hardware.
Material and spool budget
Grams per metre = π × diameter² / 4 × density, using mm and g/cm³. Remaining = gross − tare. Required = slicer job + extra losses not already counted + reserve. Cost = grams / 1000 × price per kg.
Three distinct calibration modes
Thin-wall slicer flow and feed-length e-steps multiply the old setting by target / measured. Rotation distance instead multiplies by measured / target. Wall thickness is not filament feed length. Follow the official printer procedure and retest.
Dimensions
Candidate axis scale = current scale × reference / measured. Observed undersize = (1 − measured / reference) × 100%. Not proof of thermal shrinkage. Constant offsets, holes, elephant foot and mechanical errors are not fixed by universal scaling. Do not recalibrate firmware motion steps from a printed cube.
Input boundaries
Nonzero inputs must be at least 0.000001. Quantities at most 10 million; price at most 1 million per kg. Diameter 0.1–10 mm, density 0.1–30 g/cm³. Calibration values positive, at most 10,000; target/measured ratio 0.5–2. Axis sizes positive, at most 10,000 mm, current scale at most 1,000%, ratio 0.8–1.25. These guards are not safe operating ranges.
Primary references and complete tests
- Prusa extrusion multiplier calibration: thin-wall procedure.
- Klipper rotation distance: feed measurement and inverse correction.
- Marlin steps per unit: meaning, not a command recommendation.
- OrcaSlicer calibration: prefer maintained slicer-specific tests.
Original worksheets and illustrations. No affiliation or universal material presets. Examples are not physical test results.
Editorial examples and accountability
Calculated examples explain this model; they are not reports of physical testing. See About and editorial method for validation boundaries, assisted preparation and the current lack of a public correction contact. The guide index links only released guides.